2013年高考英语作文写作指南：高考英语记叙文写作技巧

高考备考：高考英语记叙文写作技巧

记叙文讲述一件事或一系列事情或事件。从广义上讲，真实或虚构的故事、自传、历史、新闻都属于记叙文。写记叙文要注意以下五个方面：

1.背景

记叙文往往一开头就向读者提供背景资料，交代文中所叙述事件发生的地点、时间等。这样读者容易理解文章中的记叙的事件。

2.细节的选择与详略

作者应该选用与内容有关或能表现主要观点的细节，而不应把胡子眉毛一把抓，最后让读者如堕烟海，不知所云。叙事要根据中心的需要来确定详略，对最能表达中心的要详写，其他的则略写。作者把叙事的重点放在主要细节上，对其他细节则一笔带过，这样就疏密有致，浓淡相宜，文章和谐匀称，主题突出。

3.组织结构

在记叙文中，事件通常是按其发生的先后次序来叙述的，这叫顺叙。但是故事有时也可以从中间甚至结局写起，从最重要、最能引人入胜的事件开始，然后回过头来追述故事的开端和经过，这叫倒叙。

记叙文一般有开头、中间和结尾。场景描写可以放在开头，中间部分讲述故事本身。故事讲明白了，叙述也就自然而然地结束了，无需增加一个多余的结尾。但有时可能需要增加一两句话，谈谈故事的重大意义或后来又发生了什么事情。

4.叙事内容

叙事内容要清楚、完整，文章结构要体现“五何”原则。

叙述一件事情，就要在文中交代清楚五方面的内容即何时、何地、何人、何事以及发展如何，也就是英语中的when. where. who. what 以及how，使叙述做到有因有果，有起有落，给人以完整的印象。交代五大要素时，要力求灵活多样，切忌呆板。例如交代时间时，可用时间状语(When we arrived there?.) 也可用介词短语(on arriving there)或用一些时间 (then)副词等，只有灵活地交代要素，文章才能生动。

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叙事离不开写人，因此叙事记叙文中一定要注意写好人物，表现出人物的性格特征。而语言又是思想的载体，因此，文中适当地用直接引语不仅起着刻画人物性格的作用，而对事件的发展也有一定程度的推动作用。因此，在写叙事记叙文时必须注意人物和对话的描写。

5.叙述角度

故事可以用第一人称叙述，也可以用第三人称的叙述，二者各有利弊。第一人称的叙述使读者感到所描绘的一切都是作者亲眼所见或亲自经历过的，因此读起来更真实生动。但是，这种叙述难以反映在同一时间内不同地点发生的事情。第三人称叙述就没有这一局限性，同时还可能更加客观。不过，妥善地编排在不同地点、不同人物身上发生的事情也不是一件容易的事。

6.目的

讲故事必定有其目的：或证明某一理论，或阐明某一概念，可赞美某种美德，或谴责某种罪恶等等。作者若要确保读者准确无误地领会叙述的意图，则必须认真挑选细节，并精心设计故事情节。

记叙文是中学阶段学习的重点。

请看下面的例子：

一场生动的讨论

[题材]

一堂语文课上，同学们围绕拿破仑的名言“不想当将军的兵不是好兵”展开了讨论。全班分成两组，讨论异常激烈。

[范文]

A Lively Discussion

It was a Chinese lesson. Our teacher, Mr. Wei, said to us, "To-day, we'll have a discussion. Napoleon once said: 'A soldier who doesn't want to be a general isn't a good soldier.' Do you agree with him?" Every one of us was eager to express his thoughts. Gradually, the class was divided into two groups. One was for the saying and the other against it.

First, a girl said she was in favor of the idea. She gave several reasons for it. Then I stood up with my heart beating fast. I said, "The saying is wrong in a way. The highest aim a soldier should have is to work for the people and defend the country. To be a general should not be his aim." Then I took Lei Feng as an example, saying, "Lei Feng served the people heart and soul. He never wanted to become a general. But can you say he was not a good soldier?"

The group I was in won the discussion. I'll never forget this lively and instructive discussion.

[评析]

文章开篇点出辩论的论题，接着写辩论过程，文中运用了直接引语，人物刻画得形象、生动。

帮迷路的英国人

[题材]

一天晚饭后，你去看电影，路上遇到了迷路的英国人汤姆。你放弃了看电影而送他回旅馆。你用英语介绍了当地近几年发生的变化，汤姆也谈了一些英国的情况。虽然没看成电影，但你心里很高兴。因为你既帮助了汤姆，又练习了英语。要是你以前不认真学习英语，你就不能那么容易地帮汤姆了。

[范文]

Helping an Englishman Find His Way

One day, after supper I was going to see a film when I met with a lost Englishman. His name was Tom.

So I sent him to the hotel where he stayed instead of going to see the film. I talked a lot with him in English all the way. I told him about the great changes having taken place in our hometown in the recent years, and Tom told me something. About England. I felt very happy though I missed the film, for I practised speaking English by helping Tom. If I had not worked hard at English before I wouldn't have helped him so easily.

[评析]

本文通过记述一件小事，向大家说明了学好英语的必要性。

守株待免

宋国有一个种田人，他的田中有株树。一天，有一只兔子奔跑时撞在树上折断颈脖而死。这个人(宋人)就放下他的农具守在树下，希望再得到兔子。可是兔子再没有得到，而他自己却因为这件事被宋国人耻笑。(字数：80左右)

参考词语

耕田to plough in the fields

树桩tree stump

笑柄laugh stock

Stand by a Stump Waiting for More Suicidal Hares

A farmer of the State of Song was ploughing in he fields when a hare came dashing past and ran into a tree stump in its way. It broke its neck and fell down dead. Seeing this, the farmer put aside his plough and went up to stand by the stump, hoping to get some more hares this way.

Naturally, no more hares came and for this the farmer became a laughing stock all over the state.

美国朋友来参观

时间：11月10日，星期一，天气：晴

提示：

(1)上午8点，几位美国演员到我校参观，受到师生的热烈欢迎。

(2)8点半，我们在报告厅举行欢迎会，校长和一位美国演员在会上发言。

(3)演员给我们演了2个幽默小短剧，看后大家很开心。

(4)在会议室自由交谈，我应邀参加，我们互相介绍两国学生的学校生活。座谈5点结束。我们送走了美国朋友。

(5)简写一天的感受。

Now. 10, Monday Fine

Today some American film actors and actresses came to visit our school. They arrived at eight and were given a warm welcome at the school gate by the teachers and students.

We had a welcoming meeting at half past eight in the lecture hall. Our headmaster and an American guest spoke at the meeting.

After that, the American actors and actresses performed two short plays, which were very humourous, and cheered everybody.

And then a free talk was held at the meetingroom. I was asked to attend the talk. They asked a lot of questions about our school life. They also told us how American students spend their spare time. The talk was over at five p. m. We saw American friends off.

We had a wonderful time. I'll never forget the day.